Chittagong Hill Tracts Toring site 3
Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) the main broad slope territory in Bangladesh lies in southeastern piece of the nation (21°25'N to 23°45'N scope and 91°54'E to 92°50'E longitude) flanking Myanmar on the southeast, the Indian condition of tripura on the north, Mizoram on the east and chittagong region on the west. The territory of the Chittagong Hill Tracts is around 13,184 sq km, which is roughly one-tenth of the aggregate zone of Bangladesh.
This district was recorded in the principal known guide of Bengal, dated around 1550. Be that as it may, some time before in the year 953 a lord of Arakan possessed the present locale of Chittagong Hill Tracts and Chittagong. Later in 1240, King of Tripura possessed this area. The Arakanese King recovered the locale in 1575 and proceeded with ownership till 1666. Truth be told this district much of the time changed hands between the leaders of Hill Tripura and Arakan. The Mughals controlled the zone from 1666 to 1760. In 1760 the zone was surrendered to east india organization. The British possessed the Chittagong Hill Tracts in 1860 and made it a piece of British India. They named it 'Chittagong Hill Tracts' (Parvatya Chattagram). The British saw the Hill Tracts as an augmentation of the Chittagong area. The slopes toward the south turned into the 'Arakan Hill Tracts' and those toward the north 'Slope Tippera'. Officially, they brought the Chittagong Hill Tracts under the Province of Bengal. The Chittagong Hill Tracts Regulation of 1900, established a nearby arrangement of duty gathering with the headmen and boss at the pinnacle.
With the foundation of Pakistan in 1947, the Chittagong Hill Tracts went under the ward of Pakistan. After the autonomy of Bangladesh in 1971, it went under the purview of Bangladesh and went into a time of wonderful changes and advancement. Amid the mid eighties as a component of the countrywide managerial changes the Chittagong Hill Tracts was partitioned into three individual locale. These are rangamati, khagrachhari and bandarban areas.
On 2 December 1997 the Government of Bangladesh marked the peace accord with the Parvatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti (a political stage of the CHT slope people groups) to stop two many years of outfitted revolt.
Atmosphere The climate of this locale is described by tropical rainstorm atmosphere with mean yearly precipitation almost 2540 mm in the north and east and 2540 mm to 3810 mm in the south and west. The dry and cool season is from November to March; pre-rainstorm season is April-May which is exceptionally hot and radiant and the storm season is from June to October, which is warm, shady and wet.
Soil conditions The slope soils (dystric cambisols) are predominantly yellowish darker to rosy darker topsoils which review into broken shale or sandstone and also mottled sand at a variable profundity. The dirts are emphatically acidic.
Vegetation The slopes are inadmissible for development however regular vegetation remains generally. jhum development is being rehearsed on the slope slants. Cotton, rice, tea and oilseeds are brought up in the valleys between the slopes.
Populace Dominated by Mongolian gathering. The significant Mongolian clans are chakma, Tipra, murong and magh. Truth be told the Chittagong Hill Tracts have thirteen unique clans who are isolated into about a hundred distinct factions. Add up to populace specified in the 1991 evaluation was 1.042 million of which 562,597 were male and 479,776 female. buddhism is being trailed by Chakma and Marma, the hinduism by the Tripura and christianity by Mizo and Bawm. Some different clans keep up agreement among the soul, creature and plant.
The example of human settlement all through the CHT demonstrated much regional mixing. A few gatherings ruled in specific parts of the CHT (eg the Chakma in the middle, and Marma in the tract between the Karnafuli and Sangu waterways) and others were moved in particular territories (eg Tripura in the north, Mru in the south). There was likewise a qualification between bunches living in slope valleys and bunches living on the edges of the slopes. By the by, in numerous spots neighborhood settlement designs were exceptionally perplexing. For instance, seven distinct gatherings could be discovered living in closeness in a territory of around 15 by 10 km around the township of Ruma on the Sangu stream in the southern CHT.
Correspondence Highways and conduits are the main methods for correspondence. The length of the metalled streets inside Rangamati, Khagrachhari and Bandarban locale is 123 km, 134 km and 296 km separately. Also, the length of the conduits in the above regions is 444 km, 640 km and 166 km separately.
Economy Semutang gas field situated in Khagrachhari locale is the main gas field in Chittagong Hill Tracts. It was found in 1969 by the national oil organization (Oil and Gas Development Corporation of the then Pakistan). In any case, gas leaks are accounted for from Sitapahar (Kaptai) and Jaldi wells, while oil leak from Uttan Chatra. Different assets incorporate sandstones, rocks (calcareous solidifications), aggregates and lignitic coals. A paper process is based on the bank of the karnafuli at Chandraghona and a hydro control station (karnafuli hydro control station) at Kaptai with the point of producing power and giving water system and surge control offices. Slope individuals deliver woven cotton products and bamboo nets and bushels.
'Vegetation The slopes, streams and bluffs are secured with thick bamboo breaks, tall trees and creeper wildernesses. The valleys are secured with thick backwoods. The vegetation is described by semi-evergreen (deciduous) to tropical evergreen overwhelmed by tall trees having a place with dipterocarpaceae, euphorbiaceae, lauraceae, leguminacae and rubiaceae.
Fauna The fauna primarily incorporates monkey, fox, wilderness feline, angling feline, wild hog, arrive turtle, lord cobra, reticulated python, rodent wind and other non-noxious snakes together with expansive number of types of lisards and creatures of land and water like frog and amphibian, and tree frogs. The winged creature life of the Chittagong Hill Tracts is brilliantly rich. In excess of 60 groups of winged animals are found.
Woods Most of the slopes are secured with backwoods containing important timber trees, bamboos, sticks and a sort of grass known as shan.
Common cataclysms quakes of 1762, 1869, 1885, 1897, 1930, 1950 and 1997 merit saying. violent winds of 1876, 1895, 1897, 1960, 1963, 1991 and 1997 are very much reported. A surge of 1969 has been annihilating.
Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bandarban
Physiography According to the physiography of Bangladesh the CHT falls under the Northern and Eastern Hill unit and the High Hill or Mountain Ranges sub-unit. This sub-unit covers the majority of CHT, some little parts of southern Habiganj and the south and eastern outskirts of Maulvi Bazar. At present, all the mountain scopes of the Chittagong Hill Tracts are nearly hogback edges. They rise steeply, along these lines looking much more amazing than their tallness would suggest. The vast majority of the extents have scarps in the west, with bluffs and waterfalls.
The area is described by a colossal system of trellis and dendritic waste comprising of some significant streams depleting into the straight of bengal. The significant streams are karnafuli, sangu, matamuhuri and feni. Inside the slope tracts, the Karnafuli has a few vital tributaries, of which Chengi, kasalong and Rainkhiang are the principle ones.
For the most part the slope ranges and the waterway valleys are longitudinally adjusted. Four territories, with a normal height of more than three hundred meters, strike in a north-south course in the northern piece of the slope tract regions. These are Phoromain go (Phoromain, 463m), Dolajeri go (Langtrai, 429m), Bhuachhari (Changpai, 611m) and Barkal go (Thangnang, 735m). South of the Karnafuli waterway inside the Chittagong Hill Tracts, there are seven fundamental mountain extends inside Bangladesh. These are: Muranja go (Basitaung, 664m), Wayla go (the greater part of this range is in Myanmar), Chimbook go (Tindu, 898m), Batimain extend (Batitaung, 526m), Politai go (Keokradang, 884m; Ramiu Taung 921m, Saichal-Mowdok go (Bilaisari, 669m) and Saichal run. Saichal go contains the most elevated pinnacles of Bangladesh. These are Waibung (808m), Rang Tlang (958m), Mowdok Tlang (905m), and Mowdok Mual (1,003m) which is on the outskirt with Myanmar.
Some of these slope runs likewise contain essential geographical structures to frame brilliant basic traps for gaseous petrol amassing. The structures are: Semutang anticline (normal rise is 80m aside from in a few regions where it comes to more than 160m), Sitapahar anticline (245 to 330m in the south to center of the structure and 330 to 410m in the northern part), Matamuhuri anticline (normal rise ranges from 245 to 330m in the northern part, however in the southern part it increments from 410 to 570m and the most extreme rise is 710m in the south) and Bandarban anticline (greatest rise shifts in the vicinity of 650 and 800m, with three pinnacles of around 935m, 960m and 965m situated from north to south).
Lakes There are two common lakes (Rainkhiangkine lake and bagakine lake) and one simulated lake (kaptai lake). The Kaptai lake covers a region of around 767 sq km in dry season and around 1,036 sq km in the rainstorm.
An environment in Chittagong Hill Tracts
Topography The Chittagong Hill Tracts is begun because of the impact amongst India and Asia. After the separate of Gondwanaland, Indo-Australian plate combinedly moved southeasterly of around 1750 km at a float rate of 6 cm/yr. Later India broke separated from Australia and began to float north northeasterly. That is the time when the history started for the Chittagong Hill Tracts. Progressively, India moved in an all the more northerly course at around 2,500 km at a rate of 5 cm/year before it initially crashed into Eurasian plate amid Eocene. From that point forward, Indian plate moved 1,000 km more in a north-westerly course at a rate of 3 cm/year until the total conclusion of tethys. Plate movement continued or quickened a marginally unique way in early Oligocene time with India joining towards Asia in an all the more northeasterly course. The maritime outside layer began subducting underneath the Burmese sub-plate in this manner making a back-circular segment bowl toward the east and a fore-bend bowl toward the west, isolated by at first elevated Yoma suture zone.
Focal Burma or Irrawaddy Basin speaks to the back-bend bowl and Arakan-Yoma collapsed belt and its western augmentation up to Chittagong-Tripura slopes, a piece of which is the Chittagong Hill Tracts, speaking to the fore-circular segment bowl. The thick dregs saved in the Irrawaddy Basin amid Miocene and Lower Pleistocene time are uncovered in the Chittagong and Tripura slopes. Consequently, with the commencement of union of the Indian Plate and the Tertiary residue kept in the fore-bend bowl, the district was inspired amid Miocene orogeny and took after by Pleistocene orogeny to shape the present Arakan Yoma Mega-anticlinorium and its western augmentation covering Chittagong-Tripura mountain belt.
This district was recorded in the principal known guide of Bengal, dated around 1550. Be that as it may, some time before in the year 953 a lord of Arakan possessed the present locale of Chittagong Hill Tracts and Chittagong. Later in 1240, King of Tripura possessed this area. The Arakanese King recovered the locale in 1575 and proceeded with ownership till 1666. Truth be told this district much of the time changed hands between the leaders of Hill Tripura and Arakan. The Mughals controlled the zone from 1666 to 1760. In 1760 the zone was surrendered to east india organization. The British possessed the Chittagong Hill Tracts in 1860 and made it a piece of British India. They named it 'Chittagong Hill Tracts' (Parvatya Chattagram). The British saw the Hill Tracts as an augmentation of the Chittagong area. The slopes toward the south turned into the 'Arakan Hill Tracts' and those toward the north 'Slope Tippera'. Officially, they brought the Chittagong Hill Tracts under the Province of Bengal. The Chittagong Hill Tracts Regulation of 1900, established a nearby arrangement of duty gathering with the headmen and boss at the pinnacle.
With the foundation of Pakistan in 1947, the Chittagong Hill Tracts went under the ward of Pakistan. After the autonomy of Bangladesh in 1971, it went under the purview of Bangladesh and went into a time of wonderful changes and advancement. Amid the mid eighties as a component of the countrywide managerial changes the Chittagong Hill Tracts was partitioned into three individual locale. These are rangamati, khagrachhari and bandarban areas.
On 2 December 1997 the Government of Bangladesh marked the peace accord with the Parvatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti (a political stage of the CHT slope people groups) to stop two many years of outfitted revolt.
Atmosphere The climate of this locale is described by tropical rainstorm atmosphere with mean yearly precipitation almost 2540 mm in the north and east and 2540 mm to 3810 mm in the south and west. The dry and cool season is from November to March; pre-rainstorm season is April-May which is exceptionally hot and radiant and the storm season is from June to October, which is warm, shady and wet.
Soil conditions The slope soils (dystric cambisols) are predominantly yellowish darker to rosy darker topsoils which review into broken shale or sandstone and also mottled sand at a variable profundity. The dirts are emphatically acidic.
Vegetation The slopes are inadmissible for development however regular vegetation remains generally. jhum development is being rehearsed on the slope slants. Cotton, rice, tea and oilseeds are brought up in the valleys between the slopes.
Populace Dominated by Mongolian gathering. The significant Mongolian clans are chakma, Tipra, murong and magh. Truth be told the Chittagong Hill Tracts have thirteen unique clans who are isolated into about a hundred distinct factions. Add up to populace specified in the 1991 evaluation was 1.042 million of which 562,597 were male and 479,776 female. buddhism is being trailed by Chakma and Marma, the hinduism by the Tripura and christianity by Mizo and Bawm. Some different clans keep up agreement among the soul, creature and plant.
The example of human settlement all through the CHT demonstrated much regional mixing. A few gatherings ruled in specific parts of the CHT (eg the Chakma in the middle, and Marma in the tract between the Karnafuli and Sangu waterways) and others were moved in particular territories (eg Tripura in the north, Mru in the south). There was likewise a qualification between bunches living in slope valleys and bunches living on the edges of the slopes. By the by, in numerous spots neighborhood settlement designs were exceptionally perplexing. For instance, seven distinct gatherings could be discovered living in closeness in a territory of around 15 by 10 km around the township of Ruma on the Sangu stream in the southern CHT.
Correspondence Highways and conduits are the main methods for correspondence. The length of the metalled streets inside Rangamati, Khagrachhari and Bandarban locale is 123 km, 134 km and 296 km separately. Also, the length of the conduits in the above regions is 444 km, 640 km and 166 km separately.
Economy Semutang gas field situated in Khagrachhari locale is the main gas field in Chittagong Hill Tracts. It was found in 1969 by the national oil organization (Oil and Gas Development Corporation of the then Pakistan). In any case, gas leaks are accounted for from Sitapahar (Kaptai) and Jaldi wells, while oil leak from Uttan Chatra. Different assets incorporate sandstones, rocks (calcareous solidifications), aggregates and lignitic coals. A paper process is based on the bank of the karnafuli at Chandraghona and a hydro control station (karnafuli hydro control station) at Kaptai with the point of producing power and giving water system and surge control offices. Slope individuals deliver woven cotton products and bamboo nets and bushels.
'Vegetation The slopes, streams and bluffs are secured with thick bamboo breaks, tall trees and creeper wildernesses. The valleys are secured with thick backwoods. The vegetation is described by semi-evergreen (deciduous) to tropical evergreen overwhelmed by tall trees having a place with dipterocarpaceae, euphorbiaceae, lauraceae, leguminacae and rubiaceae.
Fauna The fauna primarily incorporates monkey, fox, wilderness feline, angling feline, wild hog, arrive turtle, lord cobra, reticulated python, rodent wind and other non-noxious snakes together with expansive number of types of lisards and creatures of land and water like frog and amphibian, and tree frogs. The winged creature life of the Chittagong Hill Tracts is brilliantly rich. In excess of 60 groups of winged animals are found.
Woods Most of the slopes are secured with backwoods containing important timber trees, bamboos, sticks and a sort of grass known as shan.
Common cataclysms quakes of 1762, 1869, 1885, 1897, 1930, 1950 and 1997 merit saying. violent winds of 1876, 1895, 1897, 1960, 1963, 1991 and 1997 are very much reported. A surge of 1969 has been annihilating.
Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bandarban
Physiography According to the physiography of Bangladesh the CHT falls under the Northern and Eastern Hill unit and the High Hill or Mountain Ranges sub-unit. This sub-unit covers the majority of CHT, some little parts of southern Habiganj and the south and eastern outskirts of Maulvi Bazar. At present, all the mountain scopes of the Chittagong Hill Tracts are nearly hogback edges. They rise steeply, along these lines looking much more amazing than their tallness would suggest. The vast majority of the extents have scarps in the west, with bluffs and waterfalls.
The area is described by a colossal system of trellis and dendritic waste comprising of some significant streams depleting into the straight of bengal. The significant streams are karnafuli, sangu, matamuhuri and feni. Inside the slope tracts, the Karnafuli has a few vital tributaries, of which Chengi, kasalong and Rainkhiang are the principle ones.
For the most part the slope ranges and the waterway valleys are longitudinally adjusted. Four territories, with a normal height of more than three hundred meters, strike in a north-south course in the northern piece of the slope tract regions. These are Phoromain go (Phoromain, 463m), Dolajeri go (Langtrai, 429m), Bhuachhari (Changpai, 611m) and Barkal go (Thangnang, 735m). South of the Karnafuli waterway inside the Chittagong Hill Tracts, there are seven fundamental mountain extends inside Bangladesh. These are: Muranja go (Basitaung, 664m), Wayla go (the greater part of this range is in Myanmar), Chimbook go (Tindu, 898m), Batimain extend (Batitaung, 526m), Politai go (Keokradang, 884m; Ramiu Taung 921m, Saichal-Mowdok go (Bilaisari, 669m) and Saichal run. Saichal go contains the most elevated pinnacles of Bangladesh. These are Waibung (808m), Rang Tlang (958m), Mowdok Tlang (905m), and Mowdok Mual (1,003m) which is on the outskirt with Myanmar.
Some of these slope runs likewise contain essential geographical structures to frame brilliant basic traps for gaseous petrol amassing. The structures are: Semutang anticline (normal rise is 80m aside from in a few regions where it comes to more than 160m), Sitapahar anticline (245 to 330m in the south to center of the structure and 330 to 410m in the northern part), Matamuhuri anticline (normal rise ranges from 245 to 330m in the northern part, however in the southern part it increments from 410 to 570m and the most extreme rise is 710m in the south) and Bandarban anticline (greatest rise shifts in the vicinity of 650 and 800m, with three pinnacles of around 935m, 960m and 965m situated from north to south).
Lakes There are two common lakes (Rainkhiangkine lake and bagakine lake) and one simulated lake (kaptai lake). The Kaptai lake covers a region of around 767 sq km in dry season and around 1,036 sq km in the rainstorm.
An environment in Chittagong Hill Tracts
Topography The Chittagong Hill Tracts is begun because of the impact amongst India and Asia. After the separate of Gondwanaland, Indo-Australian plate combinedly moved southeasterly of around 1750 km at a float rate of 6 cm/yr. Later India broke separated from Australia and began to float north northeasterly. That is the time when the history started for the Chittagong Hill Tracts. Progressively, India moved in an all the more northerly course at around 2,500 km at a rate of 5 cm/year before it initially crashed into Eurasian plate amid Eocene. From that point forward, Indian plate moved 1,000 km more in a north-westerly course at a rate of 3 cm/year until the total conclusion of tethys. Plate movement continued or quickened a marginally unique way in early Oligocene time with India joining towards Asia in an all the more northeasterly course. The maritime outside layer began subducting underneath the Burmese sub-plate in this manner making a back-circular segment bowl toward the east and a fore-bend bowl toward the west, isolated by at first elevated Yoma suture zone.
Focal Burma or Irrawaddy Basin speaks to the back-bend bowl and Arakan-Yoma collapsed belt and its western augmentation up to Chittagong-Tripura slopes, a piece of which is the Chittagong Hill Tracts, speaking to the fore-circular segment bowl. The thick dregs saved in the Irrawaddy Basin amid Miocene and Lower Pleistocene time are uncovered in the Chittagong and Tripura slopes. Consequently, with the commencement of union of the Indian Plate and the Tertiary residue kept in the fore-bend bowl, the district was inspired amid Miocene orogeny and took after by Pleistocene orogeny to shape the present Arakan Yoma Mega-anticlinorium and its western augmentation covering Chittagong-Tripura mountain belt.
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